概括地說，雄激素助長蛋白質的合成及擁有雄激素受體的組織的生長，睪酮的效用可以分為合成代謝及雄性化效應。合成代謝效應包括肌肉質量及力量的增長、增加骨質密度及強度、刺激線性生長及骨骼成熟等。雄性化效應則包括性器官的成熟（尤其是陰莖及胎兒陰囊的生成）、出生後（通常是在青春期）聲線的轉沉、鬍鬚及體毛的生長等。這些效應一般都是男性的第二性徵。

Ovarian or testicular tumors: Androgen-creating ovarian and testicular tumors can release surplus testosterone.

This boosts the reproductive Exercise of the mothers and fathers simply because their offspring usually tend to endure and reproduce. Paternal treatment raises offspring survival resulting from improved usage of larger quality foods and minimized Bodily and immunological threats.[89] This is especially valuable for humans considering that offspring are depending on dad and mom for extended amounts of time and moms have relatively quick inter-start intervals.[ninety]

睾酮是经由血液中的性激素结合球蛋白运送至身体的目标组织。男性生殖腺内的塞尔托利氏细胞需要睾酮来生成精子。

If any of these organs — your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or gonads — aren’t Doing work Commonly, that can result in abnormal testosterone degrees.

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It's been theorized that brain masculinization is going on given that no major adjustments are already identified in other portions of the human body.[27] The male brain is masculinized via the aromatization of testosterone into estradiol,[28] which crosses the blood–Mind barrier and enters the male Mind, Whilst female fetuses have α-fetoprotein, which binds the estrogen in order that female brains are not afflicted.[29]

In humans, testosterone appears far more to advertise standing-seeking and social dominance than merely growing Bodily aggression.

Classical male hypogonadism is when lower testosterone ranges are resulting from an underlying clinical problem or harm to your testicles, pituitary gland or hypothalamus. By way of example, a person is often born having a problem (congenital) that brings about low testosterone, for example Klinefelter syndrome or Kallmann syndrome, or they could develop it later on (obtained), including from an a thing that changes the traditional functioning in their testicles, hypothalamus or pituitary gland.

Testosterone is liable for many of the alterations observed in youngsters assigned male at birth during puberty, All the hype such as:

Once the enzymes don’t work Generally, the adrenal glands produce an extra of testosterone and other hormones in place of cortisol.

除自然作用之外，雄性激素亦可作为药物使用，如雄激素替代疗法和促进肌肉生长。值得注意的是，成年男性無論施打多少劑量的雄激素都无助生殖器再次發育成長，反而容易增长生殖疾病风险。

The next concept is comparable and generally known as "evolutionary neuroandrogenic (ENA) principle of male aggression".[107][108] Testosterone and various androgens have evolved to masculinize a Mind to become competitive, even to The purpose of risking damage to the person and others. By doing this, people today with masculinized brains due to pre-natal and adult lifestyle testosterone and androgens, enrich their resource attaining qualities to survive, appeal to and copulate with mates as much as feasible.

Sexual arousal and masturbation in Women of all ages deliver compact boosts in testosterone concentrations.[sixty five] The plasma ranges of varied steroids drastically boost following masturbation in men and the testosterone stages correlate to Individuals ranges.[sixty six]